A taxonomic re-assessment of the widespread oriental bumblebee Bombus flavescens (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

Bombus flavescens Smith is one of the most widespread bumblebee species in Oriental region. Due to colour polymorphisms, this or species-complex has been a challenge for taxonomy. This study aims assess taxonomic status -complex using evidence from COI barcodes and morphology. We then reconstruct its biogeographic history phylogenetic analysis populations across current range, combining with 16S nuclear PEPCK data. Despite large range polymorphisms distribution, results show that B. single based on algorithmic delimitation methods, it clearly separated sister species, rotundiceps Friese. suggest diverged lineage Himalaya dispersed into Southeast Asia Pleistocene. Conservation will need consider several unique island populations.